DC-OPTIMISED ALTERNATOR
Converting AC electricity to DC electricity
The flow of AC electricity rises and falls smoothly as it flows back and forth in a circuit. AC electricity flow is represented in a waveform that looks like this:
Rectification
The process of making AC electricity all flow in one direction is called rectification. In the process of rectification one half of the AC electricity cycle gets flipped over, and added to the other half of the cycle to produce DC electricity. The DC electricity that this process creates looks like this:
Three phases
An alternator can be constructed with more than one set of coils so that it produces more than one separate AC electricity supply at the same time. Commonly, alternators produce three separate AC electricity supplies, which are each timed so that they start at intervals of one-third of the cycle apart. This gives a much smoother overall flow of power. The three waveforms look like this:

Frequency
Whether the AC electricity supply that is being rectified is single phase or three phase, it can be further evened out by the process of smoothing. The most common process of smoothing uses a capacitor to store some of the electricity from the voltage peaks and uses it to fill in the voltage troughs. The higher the frequency of the AC electricity supply that is being converted to a DC supply the more effective the smoothing process is. Electricity from an alternator is produced by a magnet rotating near coils of wire. The magnet produces a magnetic field between its two ends, which are called poles; the poles are named the north pole and the south pole. As each alternate pole sweeps past a coil of wire electricity is induced into the coil in opposite directions, and the electricity flows back and forth from the coil through the circuit. A simple alternator looks like this.


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